PARIS (Reuters Health) Apr 07 - A 12-week multicenter, double-blind study, presented at the 21st meeting of the European Urology Association, demonstrated that vardenafil (Levitra) for erectile dysfunction (ED) significantly improves rates of penetration and intercourse completion compared with placebo in PDE-5-naive men, and significantly improves partner satisfaction as well.

“I think that over the years, trials of erectile dysfunction have not attributed enough consideration to the couple component. Our new trial shows that successful therapy for erectile dysfunction with Levitra benefits both partners,” primary investigator Dr. David Edwards of White House Surgery, Chipping Norton, UK, said. (more…)

Results of a randomized trial show that use of tadalafil (Cialis, Eli Lilly) improved erectile function and was well tolerated by men with erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Results of the trial were published online September 10 and scheduled for the November issue of the Archives of Neurology.

“As in other ED studies that included patients who were difficult to treat owing to preexisting conditions (eg, prostatectomy, diabetes mellitus), tadalafil was efficacious for the treatment of ED after a traumatic SCI,” the researchers, with first author Franc,ois Giuliano MD, PhD, from Raymond Poincare’ Hospital, in Garches, France, conclude. “On-demand treatment with tadalafil (10 mg or 20 mg) may help improve the sex lives of patients with ED and SCI and their partners.” (more…)

Dr. Giorgio Pomara and colleagues at the University of Pisa in Rome, administered a single 50 mg dose of sildenafil or 20 mg of tadalafil to 18 young infertile men in a randomized, double-blind crossover study with a two-week washout period between treatment arms. (more…)

Some men, however, experience chronic, complete erectile dysfunction (impotence), and others, partial or brief erections. Frequent erectile dysfunction can cause emotional and relationship problems, and often leads to diminished self-esteem. Erectile dysfunction has many causes, most of which are treatable, and is not an inevitable consequence of aging.

Incidence and Prevalence
The term “erectile dysfunction” can mean the inability to achieve erection, an inconsistent ability to do so, or the ability to achieve only brief erections. These various definitions make estimating the incidence of erectile dysfunction difficult. According to the National Institutes of Health in 2002, an estimated 15 million to 30 million men in the United States experience chronic erectile dysfunction.

According to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), approximately 22 out of every 1000 men in the United States sought medical attention for ED in 1999.

Incidence of the disorder increases with age. Chronic ED affects about 5% of men in their 40s and 15–25% of men by the age of 65. Transient ED and inadequate erection affect as many as 50% of men between the ages of 40 and 70.

Diseases (e.g., diabetes, kidney disease, alcoholism, atherosclerosis) account for as many as 70% of chronic ED cases and psychological factors (e.g., stress, anxiety, depression) may account for 10–20% of cases. Between 35 and 50% of men with diabetes experience ED.

Anatomy of the Penis
The internal structure of the penis consists of two cylinder-shaped vascular tissue bodies (corpora cavernosa) that run throughout the penis; the urethra (tube for expelling urine and ejaculate); erectile tissue surrounding the urethra; two main arteries; and several veins and nerves. The longest part of the penis is the shaft, at the end of which is the head, or glans penis. The opening at the tip of the glans, which allows for urination and ejaculation, is the meatus.

Physiology of Erection
The physiological process of erection begins in the brain and involves the nervous and vascular systems. Neurotransmitters in the brain (e.g., epinephrine, acetylcholine, nitric oxide) are some of the chemicals that initiate it. Physical or psychological stimulation (arousal) causes nerves to send messages to the vascular system, which results in significant blood flow to the penis. Two arteries in the penis supply blood to erectile tissue and the corpora cavernosa, which become engorged and expand as a result of increased blood flow and pressure.

Because blood must stay in the penis to maintain rigidity, erectile tissue is enclosed by fibrous elastic sheathes (tunicae) that cinch to prevent blood from leaving the penis during erection. When stimulation ends, or following ejaculation, pressure in the penis decreases, blood is released, and the penis resumes its normal shape.